Thank you sparkymonkey! After a lot of playing around, I managed to fix it!
I ended up soldering my GND cable to one of the other GND pads, they're all common - this gives you a hell of a lot more space to play with.
I also managed to solder a cable on to the TX pad (but not the RX pad) with a little bit of patience and some solder flux.
Finally, those resistors do in fact map to the TX and RX pads respectively, so if you've managed to rip one off, try soldering the GND to another GND pad, and either the TX or RX on to their respective pads, and then all you have left is to hold one jumper lead against the corresponding resistor.
Hope this helps anyone who got into the same stupid position that I did!
I've added a diagram to explain myself a little more clearly
TX and RX Resistors