While I am typically conservative in interpreting the rules, I actually agree with post #33's interpretation that you don't have to be a member of a community-based organization (CBO) but rather you just need to follow the guidelines.
I will try to clarify some confusion regarding the language that, in order to satisfy the conditions of 14 C.F.R. § 101.41 and PL 112-95 § 336(a)(2) regarding operation of a model aircraft, the aircraft is operated (1) in accordance with a community-based set of safety guidelines, and (2)
within the programming of a nationwide community-based organization. (1) is rather obvious. (2) generates some confusion.
Some people have interpreted "within the programming" to mean that membership in a CBO is required, but according to someone who asked the FAA to clarify,
"The FAA does not interpret PL 112-95 Section 336 (a)(2) as requiring membership in a CBO . . . ." The FAA Says AMA Membership Is NOT Required To Fly Your Model! - Drone Business Center
The word "programming," I believe, was not intended to mean "membership," but rather as any additional "content" that the CBO develops to guide its own members. Discussion in a conference report sheds some light on the intent of Congress in including this language:
"Lastly, language is added that will ensure that nothing in this provision will
interfere with the Administrator's authority to pursue
enforcement action against persons operating model aircraft who
endanger the safety of the national airspace system. In this
section the term ``nationwide community-based organization'' is
intended to mean a membership based association that represents
the aeromodeling community within the United States; provides
its members a comprehensive set of safety guidelines that
underscores safe aeromodeling operations within the National
Airspace System and the protection and safety of the general
public on the ground;
develops and maintains mutually
supportive programming with educational institutions,
government entities and other aviation associations; and acts
as a liaison with government agencies as an advocate for its
members." U.S. House, FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012, Conference Report (to Accompany H.R. 658), 112 H. Rpt. 381 (Feb. 1, 2012).
Thus, programming, in the sense that Congress was discussing before implementing the law, I believe refers to any additional "content" that is "develop[ed] and maintain[ed]" by the CBO in conjunction with the entities listed.
In other words, in order to satisfy the "within the programming" language, you must look beyond just the explicit guidelines that a CBO propagates, but also operate in accordance with any other content that the CBO provides.